Prostate cancer is a major type of cancer in Indonesia. Based on 2020 data from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN), Indonesia saw 13,563 new prostate cancer cases, representing 7.4% of all cancer cases in men. In the same year, the death toll from prostate cancer was 4,863, with a mortality rate of 2.1%. It is crucial for everyone, particularly men, to increase their understanding of the potential risk of prostate cancer in the future.
Prostate cancer arises in the prostate gland, a small, walnut-shaped organ situated below the bladder and in front of the rectum in men. This gland produces fluid that is part of semen, which helps nourish and transport sperm.
The Occurrence of Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer arises when cells in the prostate gland experience genetic mutations, resulting in unchecked cell growth and division. While the precise cause of these mutations remains unclear, various risk factors have been recognized that may elevate an individual's risk of developing prostate cancer.
Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer
Age: The risk of prostate cancer increases with age, especially in men over 50.
Family History: Having a close family member, such as a father or brother, diagnosed with prostate cancer or a BRCA1/BRCA2 gene mutation may increase one's risk.
Race: The risk of prostate cancer is higher in men of black or African descent, with a greater chance of spreading and progressing before the age of 50.
Obesity: People who are obese may have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer than people of ideal weight, although studies have had mixed results. Typically in obese people, the cancer tends to be more aggressive and more likely to return after initial treatment.
Prostate Cancer Symptoms
In the early stages, prostate cancer often shows no obvious symptoms. However, as the disease progresses, symptoms that may appear include:
Increased frequency of urination, especially at night.
Weak or intermittent urine flow.
Pain or burning sensation when urinating.
Blood in the urine.
Pain in the lower back, hips or upper thighs.
Erectile dysfunction.
It is important to note that these symptoms are not specific to prostate cancer and can be caused by other conditions, such as infection or benign prostate enlargement. Therefore, consultation with a healthcare professional is highly recommended if these symptoms appear.
Who is at Risk
Prostate cancer commonly affects men over the age of 50. However, factors such as family history, race, and certain genetic mutations can increase one's risk. In addition, a high-fat diet and obesity have also been linked to an increased risk of prostate cancer.
Prevention and Early Detection
While there is no sure way to prevent prostate cancer, some steps can be taken to reduce its risk, such as:
Adopting a healthy diet by eating plenty of fruits and vegetables.
Maintaining an ideal body weight through regular exercise.
Having regular check-ups, especially for those with high risk factors.
Early detection through screening, such as Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination, can help in finding prostate cancer at an early stage, where treatment is more effective.
Prostate cancer can affect anyone, especially men over 50. Recognizing symptoms early and leading a healthy lifestyle can help lower the risk and increase the chances of effective treatment. While there is no definitive way to prevent prostate cancer, various methods can help detect and manage it early. Regular check-ups are essential, if you or someone close to you is experiencing symptoms of prostate cancer, consult a doctor immediately to get the right treatment. K-LAB Medical Center provides comprehensive prostate cancer screening services. For more information, contact our clinic WhatsApp at 081381367915.
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